In industrial and process control, it is often necessary to accurately control the temperature of a process. You control most heating elements using the “bang-bang” method—turning the power to them on ...

A microcontroller requires dc operating power in the 2 to 5.5V range, an amount that a battery or a secondary power source can easily supply. However, in certain situations, a microcontroller-based ...

LEDs have come a very long way in performance and “comfort factor” in the past few decades for many good reasons. At the same time, the basic ac-line LED “supply” consisting of an ac/dc voltage-output ...