Refraction close refractionProcess by which a wave changes speed and sometimes direction upon entering a denser or less dense medium, eg a light ray changes direction when refracted by a lens. from a ...

Waves close wavesVibrations that transfer energy from place to place without the transference of matter. - including sound and light - can be reflected at the boundary between two different materials.

One of the major types of materials analyzed using optical spectroscopy is thin films. Unlike some thin films that are self-supporting, ultra thin films are deposited on a substrate. These ultra thin ...