Ron Kaback didn’t believe that electrochemical gradients could power the transport of sugars and amino acids across cell membranes—until he proved that they do. Survey data showed that hoarding ...

The young Kaback obtained the mutant strains from Maas and, in his spare time, started working on preparing membranes from the bacteria. “I worked all my weekends and holidays on these membranes—all ...

Tremendous interest in high-security and high-energy batteries in energy-storage systems has led to the rapid development of all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). However, the electrochemical ...

The transport of ions is essential to maintain electrophysiological balance on either side of the membrane, called osmotic balance, which is needed for signals to be transduced from their chemical ...

Ion transfer reactions at liquid interfaces lie at the heart of a number of processes fundamental to both natural and engineered systems. These reactions involve the movement of charged species ...