The diversity of larval forms in marine invertebrates has long fuelled discussion on evolutionary origins of novel features and pathways of evolutionary change. Most phyla of animals are marine, and ...

An extensive gelatinous material occupies the primary body cavity of larval echinoderms (auricularia, bipinnaria, ophiopluteus, and echinopluteus) and hemichordates (tornaria). Its presence and its ...

THE development of Echinoderms from the egg presents one of the most striking of life processes known to us. The changes through which the individual passes are even more remarkable than those ...

Asterina pseudoexigua pacifica is a true ovoviviparous asteroid in that its development and metamorphosis occur within the spatial hermaphroditic gonad. From the middle of June to the middle of July, ...