As climate conditions become increasingly unpredictable, understanding how plants respond to cold is crucial for securing ...

Specialised plant cells include root hair cells, palisade cells, xylem cells and phloem cells. Just like animals, plants are made of tiny little cells. Like animal cells, basic plant cells have a ...

Sometimes it’s not so obvious. Elephant ear bulbs typically have a smooth side and a rougher, bumpier side with signs of root ...

After the bacteria accumulate and anchor themselves to the root hair surface, a firmer attachment that involves lectins and/or cellulose firbrils and fimbriae produced by the host plant and ...

This trait stabilizes bacterial communities, known as the root microbiota ... the protein that makes up the hair-like appendage that allows bacteria to move. Plant immune responses, which involve ...